>> "ALMANAC" IS A PRODUCTION OF TWIN CITIES PBS FOR THE STATIONS OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION ASSOCIATION.

>> CATHY: IN THE NEXT HOUR WE'LL TALK TO LEGISLATIVE LEADERS LIVE ABOUT THE STATE BUDGET STALEMATE, PAUL DOUGLAS AND MARK SEELEY WILL WEIGH IN ON OUR HISTORIC HEATWAVE, AND WE'LL LEARN ABOUT WHEN POLICE ARE REQUIRED TO WEAR BODY CAMERAS AND WHEN THEY AREN'T.

ALL NEXT ON "ALMANAC."

♪♪♪ >> "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THIS PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

SUPPORT IS ALSO PROVIDED BY· GREAT RIVER ENERGY: PROVIDING ELECTRICITY AND RELATED SERVICES TO 28 CO-OPS IN MINNESOTA.

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AND EDUCATION MINNESOTA: THE VOICE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

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>> CATHY: IN A FEW MINUTES WE'LL GET TO THE HISTORIC HEATWAVE AND TALK ABOUT BODY CAMERAS AND TANE DANGER WILL HAVE AN ESSAY FOR US.

BUT FIRST UP, WE'LL CHECK IN ON BUDGET NEGOTIATIONS AT THE STATE CAPITOL.

LAWMAKERS STILL HOPE TO MAKE PROGRESS ON THE STATE BUDGET BEFORE A SPECIAL SESSION THAT WILL START MONDAY.

>> ERIC: TONIGHT FOR AN UPDATE WE ARE JOINED VIA ZOOM BY THE TOP LEGISLATIVE LEADERS, THE PEOPLE WITH THE POWER TO BROKER DEALS.

MELISSA HORTMAN IS THE DFL SPEAKER OF THE MINNESOTA HOUSE.

PAUL GAZELKA IS THE REPUBLICAN SENATE MAJORITY LEADER.

THANK YOU, BOTH, FOR TAKING TIME.

SENATOR, THE NEWS OF THE LATE AFTERNOON WAS THAT THE GOVERNOR OFFICIALLY CALLED THE SPECIAL SESSION FOR MONDAY, AND HE WAS GOING TO GET -- REQUEST 30 MORE DAYS OF EMERGENCY POWER, CITING THE VACCINATION SUPERVISION, THE RENTERS EVICTION MORATORIUM AND FEDERAL HUNGER RELIEF.

GOOD ENOUGH EXCUSES TO HAVE ANOTHER 30 DAYS OR WHAT?

>> WELL, MY HOPE IS BY THE TIME WE FINISH SESSION, THOSE THINGS ARE ADDRESSED AND EMERGENCY POWERS ARE OVER, BUT, YOU KNOW, WE'RE COMING BACK.

WE ARE WORKING.

I THINK PEOPLE NEED TO REALIZE THAT WE'RE NOT STUCK.

IT'S JUST A LOT OF WORK TO GET THROUGH ALL THESE COMPLICATED ISSUES WITH DIVIDED LEGISLATURE.

BUT WE'RE WORKIN' AND WE'RE MOVING FORWARD.

>> Eric: MADAM SPEAKER, WHAT'S YOUR ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS HERE ON FRIDAY EVENING?

>> WELL, I AGREE WITH THE SENATOR.

THERE'S A LOT OF WORK BEING DONE.

I JUST SPOKE TO THE CHAIR OF THE TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE IN THE HOUSE, FOR EXAMPLE, AND HE SAID THEY'VE BEEN WORKING PRETTY MUCH 8:00 A.M. TO 10:00 P.M. SEVERAL DAYS IN A ROW.

AND IT'S JUST A VERY LARGE AMOUNT OF WORK.

NOW I THINK THE GOOD THING ABOUT US BEING CALLED IN FOR SPECIAL SESSION FOR A PEACETIME EMERGENCY IS THAT THIS IS NOT ALL HAPPENING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT.

PEOPLE AREN'T MAKING THE DECISIONS AT 2:00 AND 3:00 IN THE MORNING WHICH HAPPENS AT THE VERY END OF A LEGISLATIVE SESSION.

I WOULD SAY THIS YEAR'S BUDGET, THERE'S TIME FOR MORE THOUGHTFUL CONSIDERATION, AS THESE BUDGET BILLS TAKE THEIR FINAL SHAPE.

>> Cathy: I KNOW, MADAM SPEAKER, TALKING ABOUT A LOT OF WORK IS BEING DONE.

AND I'M THINKING SOME VIEWERS ARE PROBABLY ALSO LISTENING TO THAT AND SAYING, WELL, THEY'VE BEEN IN SESSION, THEY WERE IN SESSION FOR MONTHS AND MONTHS PRIOR TO THIS.

AND I KNOW THE EXCUSE OF DIVIDED LEGISLATURE IS USED A LOT.

BUT, I MEAN, REALLY, DO YOU HOPE TO GET ALL YOUR WORK DONE?

IS THERE A POSSIBILITY THAT THIS COULD GO INTO EVEN EXTRA INNINGS OR A SHUTDOWN?

>> NO, I DON'T THINK THAT WE WILL BE GOING BEYOND JUNE 30th FOR SURE IN RESOLVING THE BUDGET.

AND I'M HOPING WE'LL GET IT DONE AS FAST AS POSSIBLE.

THERE IS SOME TIME DELAY THAT IT TAKES TO GET BILLS INTRODUCED AND GET ACROSS THE FLOOR.

SO I THINK PEOPLE SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR A SEVEN TO TEN-DAY SPECIAL SESSION.

BUT THERE ARE MONTHS AND MONTHS OF WORK THAT PRECEDED THIS.

THERE WERE THREE MONTHS OF LEGISLATIVE HEARINGS.

THERE WAS ANOTHER MONTH OF FLOOR DEBATE.

SO ALL THESE PROVISIONS HAVE HAD A LOT OF CONSIDERATION.

BUT MINNESOTA'S BUDGET IS BIGGER THAN IT WAS WHEN OUR LEGISLATURE WAS DESIGNED IN THE 1970s, AND IT IS TAKING LONGER AND LONGER, THE MORE POPULATION WE HAVE AND THE MORE DOLLARS WE'RE SPENDING.

>> Eric: SENATOR GAZELKA, DO RANK-AND-FILE MEMBERS IN BOTH CHAMBERS, NOT TO MENTION THE PUBLIC, REALLY KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON RIGHT NOW?

>> WELL, MANY OF THEM DO.

IN FACT, THE SENATE GOP, I JUST GAVE AN UPDATE TO ALL OF THEM ABOUT -- ACTUALLY I HAD EACH ONE OF THE BUDGET CHAIRS REVIEW WHAT'S GOING ON.

SO WE TRY TO COMMUNICATE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

BUT THIS TIME VERSUS TWO YEARS AGO THERE'S A LOT MORE WORK BEING DONE IN THE WORKING GROUPS, WHICH WERE THE COMMITTEES, AND I THINK WE TOOK NOTICE OF THAT TWO YEARS AGO AND ONCE WE SET THE TARGETS TWO YEARS AGO WAS ABOUT FIVE DAYS UNTIL WE GOT DONE.

NOW THEY'VE HAD WELL OVER A MONTH TO WORK ON THE COMPLICATED DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HOUSE AND SENATE, AND WE ARE THE ONLY DIVIDED LEGISLATURE IN THE COUNTRY.

SO THE FACT THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY GETTING IT DONE SAYS A LOT ABOUT MINNESOTA AND HOW WE DO THINGS.

>> Cathy: GOVERNOR, BY THE WAY, WAS TALKING ABOUT HOW CONTROVERSIAL ITEMS HE FEELS SHOULD GET KIND OF THROWN OVERBOARD IN ORDER TO GET EVERYTHING DONE AND IN GOOD ORDER.

DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA WHAT POTENTIALLY COULD WIND UP BEING TOSSED OUT?

I'LL START WITH THE SENATOR, THEN GO TO THE SPEAKER.

>> MORE THAN I CAN COUNT.

BUT THERE'S SO MANY THINGS THAT ONE SIDE REALLY WANTS THAT THE OTHER SIDE DOES NOT WANT.

AND IF ONE SIDE SAYS WE'RE NOT GOING TO DO THAT AND IT'S NOT ALREADY IN LAW, THEN THE CHANCES OF THAT GETTING DONE ARE ALMOST NOTHING.

AND WE'VE GOT TO BE WILLING TO THROW THINGS OVERBOARD, BOTH SIDES, AND THAT JUST STARTED TO HAPPEN NOW BOTH SIDES.

AND THE REASON BEING, WE DON'T WANT TO GO TO A SHUTDOWN.

IT IS FAR MORE SEVERE NOW AS A RESULT OF THE COURT RULING IN 2017.

I MEAN, VIRTUALLY EVERYTHING WOULD SHUT DOWN AND THAT WOULD BE REALLY BAD FOR MINNESOTA.

SO, WE ALL GET IT.

THE SPEAKER AND I GET IT.

THE GOVERNOR GETS IT.

SO WE'RE MOVING THERE AND TELLING FOLKS IT'S TIME TO LET GO SOME OF THE THINGS THAT ARE REALLY IMPORTANT TO YOU.

>> Cathy: MADAM SPEAKER, WHAT DO YOU THINK MIGHT END UP ON THE CUTTING ROOM FLOOR, AS IT WERE?

>> WELL, WE WERE COMPARING OUR BUCKET OF DISAPPOINTMENTS TODAY, THE SENATOR CERTAINLY HAS SOME DISAPPOINTMENTS IN THE AREA OF CLEAN CARS, AND WHAT DEMOCRATS FEEL ARE RESTRICTIONS ON VOTERS, THINGS LIKE PROVISIONAL BALLOTS AND VOTER I.D.

AND, REALLY, FOR DEMOCRATS, IN OUR BUCKET OF DISAPPOINTMENTS IS WHAT WE CONSIDER TO BE WORKER PROTECTIONS AND THINGS THAT WOULD SUPPORT STUDENTS AND FAMILIES A LITTLE BIT MORE FULLY.

WE'D LIKE TO HAVE DONE MUCH MORE ON THE WORKING FAMILY TAX CREDIT.

WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE A LOT MORE LABOR PROTECTIONS IN THE WORKPLACE TO HELP MINNESOTANS WHO HAVE BEEN HARD AT WORK THROUGH THIS COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

BUT THE WAY THE VOTERS DECIDED THE ELECTION IN NOVEMBER OF 2020 GAVE US A DIVIDED LEGISLATURE.

SO A LOT OF THE ISSUES THAT WE COULD RESOLVE WERE DETERMINED AT THAT POINT.

IF WE HAD A COMPLETELY DEMOCRATIC LEGISLATURE OR A COMPLETELY REPUBLICAN LEGISLATURE, THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT WOULD BE -- THAT WE'D BE PASSING TO THE GOVERNOR'S DESK.

I THINK, YOU KNOW, THE SENATOR'S BUCKET OF DISAPPOINTMENTS WOULD BE FAR LIGHTER IF THE HOUSE WERE IN REPUBLICAN CONTROL.

BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT THE VOTERS GAVE US.

THEY GAVE US DIVIDED GOVERNMENT.

SO WE NEED TO SEARCH FOR THOSE AREAS WHERE WE HAVE COMMON GROUND WHERE WE CAN FIND THE MIDDLE AND DO THINGS TOGETHER THAT IMPROVE MINNESOTANS' LIVES.

>> Eric: Mr. LEADER, HAVE YOU REACHED PEACE IN THE VALLEY ON POLICE REFORMS?

>> WELL, WE'RE GETTING THERE.

I KNOW THAT WE HAVE ACCEPTED, I BELIEVE, AT LEAST FOUR POLICE REFORMS THAT WERE IN THE HOUSE ONLY AND THEN MORE THAN 20 OTHER REFORMS THAT THEY ASKED FOR.

SO, IN THE END, WE'RE NOT GOING TO DO EVERYTHING THEY WANT TO DO.

I'VE SAID FROM THE BEGINNING, ANYTHING THAT I PERCEIVE AS ANTIPOLICE OR THAT THE POLICE GROUPS DON'T AGREE WITH EVERYONE ELSE, THOSE ARE GOING TO PUT ON HOLD.

I REALLY THINK ONE OF THE COMPONENTS IS APPRECIATING THE POLICE.

MORALE IS AT AN ALL-TIME LOW NOW BECAUSE OF SOME OF THE PUBLIC VIEWS AND PUBLIC STATEMENTS FROM LEADERS.

AND, SO, WE'VE GOT TO TURN THAT AROUND.

WE NEED MORE POLICE.

WE NEED YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN THAT WANT TO BE POLICE OFFICERS AS PART OF THE SOLUTION OF KEEPING OUR STREETS SAFE.

>> Eric: AND, MADAM SPEAKER, CAN YOU SELL THAT FOUR OF THE 12, I THINK, ITEMS TO THE -- PARTICULARLY TO THE PEOPLE OF COLOR INDIGENOUS CAUCUS?

>> NO, YOU KNOW, WE'RE NOT THERE YET.

I THINK THERE'S MORE WORK TO BE DONE.

BUT WE REALLY BELIEVE THERE HAS TO BE FUNDING PLUS ACCOUNTABILITY.

AND WE'RE WORKING HAND IN HAND WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITY TO RESTORE TRUST.

WE HAVE PUBLIC SAFETY IN OUR COMMUNITIES WHEN PEOPLE TRUST THE POLICE AND WHEN POLICE ARE SERVING ALL OF THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY EQUALLY.

AND THERE ARE SO MANY BRAVE AND HEROIC LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS WHO GO TO WORK EVERY DAY, PUT THEIR LIVES ON THE LINE FOR US, AND AS THE SENATOR SAID, MORALE IS REALLY LOW BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANY SEGMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY WHO, WITH GOOD REASON, DON'T TRUST THAT PUBLIC SAFETY MEANS PUBLIC SAFETY FOR ALL RIGHT NOW.

SO THIS IS WORK FOR US TO DO TOGETHER SO THAT WE HAVE FUNDING AND ACCOUNTABILITY AND WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT PUBLIC SAFETY, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT PUBLIC SAFETY FOR EVERYONE.

>> Cathy: SAY, SENATOR, THERE WERE A COUPLE OF NEWS CONFERENCES REFERENCING PUBLIC MONEY BEING SPENT FOR PRIVATE SCHOOLS.

WHY IS THAT EMPHASIS BEING -- WHY IS THAT FOCUS RIGHT NOW?

>> WELL, WE'VE BEEN FOCUSED ON PARENT CHOICE, MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR KIDS.

WE HAD A NUMBER OF MINORITY COMMUNITIES COME AND STAND WITH US AND SAY, WE NEED MORE OPTIONS.

THE PRESENT PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY THE TEACHERS UNION, HAS STOPPED THAT.

AND, SO, WE JUST WANT MORE OPPORTUNITIES.

AND WE TRIED THAT TWO YEARS AGO, WE TRIED A DIFFERENT FORM OF IT THIS TIME.

IT MAY NOT MAKE IT.

BUT WE DO BELIEVE THAT IT'S A GROWING MOVEMENT.

MORE AND MORE PEOPLE ARE SAYING, HEY, I WANT MORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MY KIDS.

OUR SCHOOLS ARE FAILING IN MINNEAPOLIS AND St. PAUL.

LET'S GIVE THEM OTHER CHANCES IF THEY WANT IT.

>> Cathy: MADAM SPEAKER?

>> THAT'S AN ITEM THAT WILL END UP IN REPUBLICAN BUCKET OF DISAPPOINTMENTS.

AND WHAT ENDS UP IN MY BUCKET OF DISAPPOINTMENTS IS THAT WE'RE NOT BUILDING INFLATION INTO THE GENERAL EDUCATION FUNDING FORMULA.

YOU KNOW, IN MINNESOTA, WE HAVE TO ACKNOWLEDGE WE HAVE THE WORST OPPORTUNITY GAPS IN THE COUNTRY.

THAT'S UNACCEPTABLE.

BUT WE CAN'T EXPECT THAT WE ARE GOING TO CHANGE THAT STATUS QUO EDUCATION BUDGET.

AND YET, EVERY YEAR WE BATTLE IT OUT, GIVING SCHOOLS JUST REALLY SIMPLE INFLATIONARY INCREASES.

WE DO PAT OURSELVES ON THE BACKS FOR THE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS WE GIVE TO SCHOOLS, BUT IT OFTEN IS BARELY ENOUGH TO KEEP UP WITH INFLATION.

IF WE WANT TO REALLY CHANGE THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE AND HAVE BETTER OUTCOMES, WE NEED TO GO OVER AND ABOVE INFLATION.

WE NEED TO INVEST IN THE THINGS THAT WORK AND START TO TRANSFORM WHAT'S HAPPENING IN SCHOOLS.

WE'VE SEEN IN OTHER STATES THAT INVESTMENTS LEAD TO RESULTS, AND WE HAVE TO FOLLOW THAT HERE IN MINNESOTA.

>> Eric: SENATOR -- >> AND REFORMS.

BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT PLACES LIKE NEW ORLEANS, WHERE THEY TOTALLY GOT RID OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH TEACHERS UNION AND WENT TO CHARTER SCHOOLS, THEY ARE NOW HAVING MUCH MORE POSITIVE RESULTS.

SO REFORMS AND RESOURCES TOGETHER I THINK IS THE SOLUTION.

>> Eric: SO THE POLICE REFORM IS NOT YET COMPLETE, SOUNDS LIKE, IS THAT A STICKING POINT STILL?

>> WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF WORK TO DO HERE AT THE LEADERSHIP LEVEL.

WE TALKED TO THE LEADERS IN THAT COMMITTEE TODAY AND THEY WOULD LIKE SOME DIRECTION FROM US ON SOME COMPONENTS OF THE BUDGET WHERE THEY THINK WE COULD BE MORE CLEAR.

THEY HAVE BEEN WORKING TOGETHER.

I THINK THE SENATE PROVIDED AN OFFER, YOU KNOW, THE TAIL END OF MAY.

AND THE HOUSE PRESENTED A COUNTEROFFER EARLY IN JUNE.

AND, SO, WE THINK THAT IT'S TIME FOR THEM TO GET IN A ROOM TOGETHER AND HAMMER IT OUT.

>> Eric: STICKING POINT, SENATOR, OR NOT?

>> NO, IT'S JUST HAMMER IT OUT.

I THINK THE SPEAKER IS EXACTLY RIGHT ON THAT.

IT IS DIFFICULT WORK WHEN YOU'RE FAR APART.

BUT WE DID IT TWO YEARS AGO, BOTH THE SPEAKER, MYSELF, SAME GOVERNOR, AND WE'RE GOING TO DO IT AGAIN.

>> Eric: WE'LL BE WATCHIN'.

THANK YOU TWO, APPRECIATE YOUR TIME.

CARBON DIOXIDE GOOD LUCK.

>> THANK YOU.

CARBON DIOXIDE GOOD LUCK.

>> THANK YOU, THANK YOU.

.

>> Eric: NEXT WEDNESDAY, PRESIDENT BIDEN WILL MEET WITH RUSSIAN LEADER PUTIN AT A SUMMIT IN GENEVA.

WATCHING CLOSELY WILL BE NICK HAYES OF ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY.

NICK IS AN HISTORIAN AND HOLDS THE UNIVERSITY CHAIR IN CRITICAL THINKING AT ST. JOHN'S.

NICK HAS BEEN OFFERING UP RUSSIAN ANALYSIS ON "ALMANAC" GOING BACK TO THE DAYS OF THE SOVIET ERA.

PROFESSOR, PRESIDENT BIDEN REQUESTED THIS SUMMIT MEETING IN GENEVA WITH PUTIN.

WHAT W DO YOU THINK THE IMPETUS BEHIND HIS INVITATION?

>> WELL, FROM BIDEN'S POINT OF VIEW, IT'S ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL THAT HE IS ABLE TO PROJECT BOTH A NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMAGE THAT HE'S ABLE TO WORK WITH PUTIN.

THAT PUTIN IS NOT JUST ENTIRELY A LOOSE CANNON OFF ON HIS OWN.

BUT BIDEN HAS, IN FACT, AN ABILITY TO ENGAGE PUTIN ON A NUMBER OF KEY ISSUES.

AND HE'S HIGHLIGHTED A FEW THAT MIGHT SURPRISE US, PARTICULARLY HE'S HIGHLIGHTED A CONCERN TO PRESS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS REFORM INSIDE RUSSIA, WHICH ANYBODY WOULD TELL YOU IS GOING TO BE HIGHLY CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE TO PUSH WITH THE RUSSIANS AND ONE THAT'S NOT GOING TO INGRATIATE YOURSELF WITH PUTIN HIMSELF.

>> Cathy: HOW DOES THE PRESIDENT, NICK, HANDLE THE RANSOME WARE ATTACKS WHERE RUSSIA APPEARS TO BE BEHIND THESE ATTACKS?

HOW IS HE GOING TO NEGOTIATE THAT WITH PUTIN?

RANSOMWARE.

>> THERE REMAINS A SERIES OF EXTREMELY SENSITIVE ISSUES THAT HAVE TO BE DEALT WITH.

YOU GET INTO THE AREA OF CYBER ATTACKS AND YOU GET INTO A VERY CONTROVERSIAL SERIES OF ARGUMENTS, BUT THE HEART OF THE MATTER IS, WE HAVE CYBER WEAPONS TOO.

ULTIMATELY WHAT'S GOING TO RESOLVE THE ISSUE IS SOME KIND OF BALANCE OF POWER IN WHICH EACH SIDE CAN MUTUALLY THREATEN THE OTHER.

AND OVER THE LAST WEEK I COULD NOT HELP BUT NOTICE THAT THERE WERE VARIOUS LEAKS COMING OUT OF MOSCOW ABOUT WHERE IS THE CYBER RESOURCES OF THE SOVIET UNION.

AND IT MENTIONED OTHERS, INCLUDING THAT THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO HACK INTO PUTIN'S PERSONAL WEALTH, THAT SHOULD GET PUTIN'S ATTENTION, I WOULD THINK, VERY QUICKLY.

>> Eric: WHEN PRESIDENT BIDEN TALKS ABOUT CONSEQUENCES FOR PUTIN'S BEHAVIOR, IS THAT ONE OF THE CONSEQUENCES, SOMETHING RETALIATORY -- >> I'M SORRY TO INTERRUPT.

>> Eric: THAT'S ALL RIGHT.

>> THAT WOULD BE ON THE EXTREME END.

BUT DEFINITELY INCREASING PRESSURE, THREATENING, SOME FORM OF MILITARY RETALIATION, BY THIS I MEAN CYBER ATTACKS, AT LEAST TO DEMONSTRATE POWERFULLY OUR ABILITY TO DO SO.

THOSE ARE THE TYPES OF MESSAGES HE WANTS TO SEND.

>> Cathy: I'M CURIOUS, NICK, WHAT DO BOTH SIDES WANT OUT OF THIS MEETING?

>> WELL, LET'S BEGIN WITH BIDEN.

BIDEN HAS -- WANTS THIS SUMMIT TO SHOW THAT HE HAS TAKEN THE LEADERSHIP TO RE-ENGAGE THE UNITED STATES INTERNATIONALLY AS A WHOLE AND ESPECIALLY IN REGARD TO EUROPE AND THAT HE IS ABLE TO REPAIR, LET'S SAY, THE DAMAGE THAT WAS DONE IN THE TRUMP ERA.

PUTIN'S MOTIVES ARE DIFFERENT.

IN THE SENSE, PUTIN IS AN OPPOSITION FOR AN INTERNATIONAL STATESMAN TODAY.

THE TRUTH IS, HE'S PRETTY MUCH GOTTEN WHAT HE WANTS.

HE'S ABLE TO PROJECT RUSSIAN POWER AGAIN ACROSS EUROPE AND INTO THE MIDDLE EAST.

HE HAS FINALLY WON THE DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION HE WANTED THAT HE IS BEING TREATED AS AN EQUAL.

AND HE HAS, IN FACT, WE NEED TO COMMENT ALSO ON THE WHOLE ISSUE OF HOW HE RESPONDS TO WHAT APPEARS TO BE THE APPARENT CHAOS AND PROBLEMS THAT ARE COMING OUT OF THE UNITED STATES.

PUTIN, IN MY OPINION, DOES HIS BEST NOT TO GLOAT.

HE SEEMS TO BE TOO PLEASED WITH THE WAY THINGS ARE GOING.

BUT HE HAS, IN A WAY, THE SAME PROBLEM BIDEN DOES.

HE'S GOT TO DEFINE, ULTIMATELY, WHAT RUSSIA IS, WHERE IT BELONGS IN THE EUROPEAN COMPLEX OF POWER AND EXACTLY HOW HE DEFINES THE VALUES INHERENT IN THAT NEW REVEEM -- REGIME.

HE CAN'T GO BY OLD COLD WAR RHETORIC ANYMORE, OLD COMMUNIST RHETORIC.

IT'S NOT GOING TO PROVIDE ANY SOURCE OF BELIEF.

HE HAS TO FIND, AS BIDEN DOES, AN ABILITY TO COME TOGETHER WITH A NEW POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, A PROJECTION OF VALUES, AND A CREDIBILITY THAT THE STATE HAS FINALLY FOUND ITSELF AGAIN.

>> Eric: IS PUTIN GOING TO FIND SOME WHIPLASH MOVING FROM DONALD TRUMP'S TO JOE BIDEN'S ATTITUDE TOWARD HIM?

>> I THINK HE'LL BE DISAPPOINTED.

AT THE SAME TIME, HE REMAINS EXTREMELY POPULAR WITH TRUMP SUPPORTERS.

HE KNOWS HE HAS THOSE KIND OF FOLLOWERS BEHIND HIS CURRENT POLITICAL POSITION.

I THINK HE WILL BE SHOCKED IN THE SENSE TO DISCOVER HOW UNPOPULAR PUTIN IS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES TODAY.

THAT WILL PROBABLY BECOME AS A BITTER SURPRISE TO HIM.

>> Cathy: FINAL QUESTION HERE, NICK.

WHAT'S RUSSIAN MEDIA SAYING ABOUT THIS MEETING?

>> THEY WONDER WHY WE DO IT AT ALL.

THEY COULDN'T HELP BUT NOTICE THAT THEY SEEM TO BE DISCUSSING THE SAME ISSUES THAT WERE DISCUSSED IN THE 1970s AND 1980s AND 1990s.

AND AS ONE -- I'LL SHARE WITH YOU ONE COMMENTATOR ASKED THE QUESTION FROM THE MOSCOW TIMES, THE QUESTION WAS, WHAT'S THE PURPOSE OF SENATE -- SUMMIT DISPLOA MASE, WHAT'S THE PURPOSE OF ALL THESE SUMMITS?

AND IT BOILS DOWN TO A SIMPLE FORMULA.

NUMBER ONE, IT'S PROBABLY BEST TO SHOW THAT THE HEADS OF STATE CAN TALK TO ONE ANOTHER.

THAT'S BASICALLY THE GOAL TO ACHIEVE THAT THEY GET INTO SOME KIND OF DIALOGUE.

AND AT LEAST AS YOU LOOK AT THE CURRENT SUMMIT, THE POPULATION CAN SAY, AT LEAST THEY'RE TALKING AS OPPOSED TO THE OTHER THINGS THAT COULD BE FAR MORE DEVASTATING IN TERMS OF THEIR NATIONAL POLICIES AT THIS TIME.

>> Eric: GREAT CHANCE FOR US TO TALK TO YOU AGAIN.

GOOD TO SEE YOU.

APPRECIATE THE INSIGHT.

THANKS.

>> Cathy: THANK YOU.

>> Eric: THANKS.

>> CATHY: WHEN WINSTON SMITH, JUNIOR, WAS SHOT AND KILLED IN MINNEAPOLIS LAST WEEK BY OFFICERS IN A U.S. MARSHALL TASK FORCE, MANY HOPED THAT VIDEO IMAGES WOULD HELP EXPLAIN EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED.

BUT NO VIDEO OF THE KILLING EXISTS.

HOW IS THAT POSSIBLE IN THIS DAY AND AGE?

WHILE MOST URBAN POLICE WEAR BODY CAMERAS, U.S. MARSHALLS TASK FORCES DO NOT.

NOR DO POLICE IN MANY SMALLER DEPARTMENTS AROUND THE COUNTRY.

HERE TO TALK ABOUT BODY CAMERAS -- THEIR LIMITATIONS AND PROMISE -- IS ANDREA HEADLEY.

SHE TEACHES AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY.

PROFESSOR, WELCOME TO "ALMANAC."

>> THANK YOU.

>> Cathy: I UNDERSTAND THAT U.S.

MARSHALS DON'T ALLOW THE USE OF BODY CAMERAS IN THEIR TASK FORCE RAIDS.

EVIDENTLY THEY CAN HAVE BODY CAMERAS BUT THEY DON'T.

WHAT'S BEHIND THAT, DO YOU KNOW?

>> SO, FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RIGHT NOW THERE ARE NO POLICIES IN PLACE THAT REQUIRE BODY CAMERAS WHATSOEVER.

AND, SO, THE RECENT GEORGE FLOYD ACT, ONE OF THE PIECES OF THE PROPOSED LEGISLATION WAS TO INCLUDE A -- REQUIRE BODY CAMERAS, SO WITHOUT THAT REQUIREMENT, THE FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT, LARGELY SPEAKING, E THE JURISDICTION TO IMPLEMENT BODY CAMERAS OR NOT AND HAVE A LITTLE BIT MORE FLEXIBILITY IN TERMS OF KIND OF THOSE TYPES OF PRACTICES.

>> Eric: IN PLACES WHERE BODY CAMS ARE BEING USED, HAS IT CHANGED POLICE AND SUSPECT BEHAVIOR AT ALL?

>> SO THAT IS REALLY CONTEXT SPECIFIC.

WHEN WE TAKE A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE BODY CAMERA IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYZE BODY CAMERAS ACROSS THE COUNTRY, WHAT WE FIND OUT IS, UNFORTUNATELY, THERE'S A LOT OF MIXED EVIDENCE.

AND, SO, IN SOME PLACES BODY CAMERAS ARE HAVING AN IMPACT ON USE OF FORCE, THEY'RE HAVING AN IMPACT ON CIVILIAN COMPLAINTS, THEY'RE IMPACTING ARRESTS, FOR INSTANCE, AND IN OTHER PLACES THERE IS NO EFFECT OF BODY CAMERAS WHATSOEVER, RIGHT?

AND, SO, IT MAY STILL ALLOW FOR SOME TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY AFTER AN INCIDENT HAPPENS, BUT IN TERMS OF ACTUALLY CHANGING THOSE OUTCOMES THAT WE MOST OFTEN MEASURE FOR, WE DON'T SEE THOSE CHANGES.

AND, REALLY, WHAT THAT POINTS TO IS THINKING ABOUT THE CONTEXT IN WHICH IT'S IMPLEMENTED AND SOME OF THE SPECIFICS AROUND HOW THE BODY CAMERAS ARE USED.

AND, SO, IS THERE OFFICER DISCRETION FOR TURNING ON CAMERAS?

ARE SUPERVISORS ACTUALLY MONITORING THE USE OF BODY CAMERAS?

IS PUBLIC RELEASE A PART OF THE POLICY?

THOSE IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS REALLY MATTER FOR DETERMINING HOW EFFECTIVE THE USE OF BODY CAMERAS WILL BE.

>> Cathy: YOU MENTIONED TURNING ON THE BODY CAMERAS.

LOCAL TV STATION HERE IN MINNESOTA DID A STORY THIS WEEK ABOUT MISTAKEN IDENTITY, A COUPLE WAS STOPPED, POLICE THOUGHT THEY WERE SUSPECTS, THEY WERE NOT, THEY WERE TRYING TO EXPLAIN THAT WE'RE NOT THE PEOPLE YOU'RE LOOKING FOR, AND THEN THE LAW OFFICERS SHUT OFF THEIR BODY CAMERAS.

ALL OF THEM DID.

HOW COMMON IS THAT?

>> SO, MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, WHAT WE HEAR ARE THESE KIND OF ANECDOTAL STORIES THAT, UNFORTUNATELY, WE DON'T HAVE A STANDARDIZED WAY TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS DISCRETION WHERE OFFICERS ARE TURNING THEM ON AND OFF.

BUT WE DO HEAR VERY ROUTINELY FROM COMMUNITY MEMBERS FROM THE FIELD, EVEN SOME OFFICERS THEMSELVES TALKING ABOUT THAT DISCRETION IN TERMS OF TURNING THEIR CAMERAS OFF OR SOMETIMES WE'VE EVEN HEARD, YOU KNOW, THERE WAS CAMERA FOOTAGE THERE, THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN IT'S NOT THERE ANYMORE OR IT WENT OFF AT JUST THE RIGHT TIME, FOR INSTANCE.

SO THOSE DETAILS IN TERMS OF HOW THE CAMERA'S USED REALLY DOES AFFECT THE PUBLIC TRUST AND ACCOUNTABILITY THAT THE CAMERAS CAN HAVE IN TERMS OF ACTUALLY, AGAIN, BEING EFFECTIVE.

>> Eric: ARE NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE CAMERAS POSSIBLE OR HAS IT GOT TO BE A LOCAL DECISION?

>> SO, I AM OF THE BELIEF THAT THEY ARE FOR SURE POSSIBLE.

NATIONAL STANDARDS IS IMPORTANT, IT'S NEEDED AND IT IS VERY MUCH POSSIBLE.

I THINK THAT PARTICULARLY WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE WAY IN WHICH ONE INCIDENT IN ONE LOCATION HAS IMPACT FOR INCIDENTS ALL OVER THE COUNTRY AND WE'VE SEEN THAT WITH THE MOST -- ONE OF THE MOST RECENT CASES OR PRONOUNCED CASES WHEN THINKING ABOUT GEORGE FLOYD, FOR INSTANCE, RIGHT, THAT SET OFF PROTESTS AND PEOPLE'S EMOTIONS AND ACCOUNTABILITY -- REQUEST FOR ACCOUNTABILITY ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND, SO, WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE IMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL POLICING AT A NATIONAL LEVEL, IT REALLY POINTS TO THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING THESE NATIONAL STANDARDS AND MOREOVER, WHEN WE THINK ABOUT GOING BACK TO THE GEORGE FLOYD CASE, IN PARTICULAR, WHEN EXPERTS ARE BROUGHT IN WHO HAVE LAW ENFORCEMENT EXPERTISE IN ANOTHER JURISDICTION AND THEY RELY ON THEIR EXPERTISE FROM ANOTHER JURISDICTION TO THEN WEIGH IN ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OR EFFICACY OF LOCAL POLICING PRACTICES WHEN THERE ARE DIFFERENT PRACTICES, THAT BECOMES PROBLEMATIC.

SO HAVING SOME NATIONAL STANDARDS IS REALLY IMPORTANT IF WE WANT TO MOVE THE FULL -- MOVE THE CONVERSATION FORWARD IN TERMS OF THINKING ABOUT POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY AND POLICE TRANSPARENCY IN THE COUNTRY AS A WHOLE.

>> Eric: ANY IMPACT ON THE USE OF FORCE, RACIAL DISPARITIES WITH THE USE OF THE CAMERAS?

>> AND, SO, I'M GLAD YOU ASKED.

UNFORTUNATELY, THAT IS THE ONE AREA WHERE WE ACTUALLY DO NOT HAVE EVIDENCE AT ALL.

AND, SO, WHAT WE DO KNOW IS THAT WE SEE THAT THE VIDEO FOOTAGE ALLOWS US TO -- ON RACIAL DISPARITIES IN TERMS OF, FOR INSTANCE, OFFICERS' LANGUAGE, BUT IN TERMS OF TRYING TO ACTUALLY SEE WHETHER OR NOT AN OFFICER WEARING THE CAMERA MAKES A DIFFERENCE FOR CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN DIFFERENT RACES AND ETHNICITIES WITH REGARDS TO USE OF FORCE, WE JUST DON'T HAVE THAT DATA.

AND THAT'S IMPORTANT, PARTICULARLY BECAUSE THE CONTEXT OF WHICH BODY CAMERAS CAME UP IN.

SO I'M REALLY FINDING -- SO REALLY FINDING THE ANSWERS TO THOSE QUESTIONS IS NEEDED AND THAT TAKES TRANSPARENCY ON THE POLICE DEPARTMENT'S PERSPECTIVE, RIGHT?

SO I'VE WORKED WITH POLICE DEPARTMENTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY G THAT DATA TO DO THESE ANALYSES IS REALLY AN IMPORTANT NEXT STEP.

>> Cathy: FINAL QUESTION.

THIS GOES BACK TO THAT FEDERAL MARSHAL QUESTION I ASKED PRIOR.

THERE'S TALK THAT BECAUSE THESE OFFICERS WERE UNDERCOVER, THAT'S WHY THEY ALSO WEREN'T WEARING CAMERAS.

IS THERE ANY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STREET COPS AND UNDERCOVER COPS WHEN IT COMES TO WEARING THESE CAMERAS?

OR SHOULD THERE BE?

>> RIGHT.

THERE SHOULD NOT BE ANY DIFFERENCE, RIGHT?

SO, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU'RE AN UNDERCOVER COP, A STREET COP, A REGULAR PATROLMAN, RIGHT, THE WAYS IN WHICH THE CAMERAS HAVE BEEN CREATED AND ARE CONTINUING TO BE CREATED, THERE ARE WAYS IN WHICH THEY CAN STILL BE WORN THAT DO NOT NECESSARILY DISCLOSE THAT YOU ARE A POLICE OFFICER, RIGHT?

SO WE SEE THAT THERE ARE BODY CAMERAS ON THE CHEST, THERE'S ONES THAT GO IN THE GLASSES, THE HATS, THERE ARE SO MANY DIFFERENT WAYS THAT THESE CAN BE WORN TO STILL ALLOW FOR THE EFFICACY AND THE TRANSPARENCY AND THE ACCOUNTABILITY THAT WE NEED THAT I, UNFORTUNATELY, DON'T THINK THAT THAT IS A SUFFICIENT REASON FOR KIND OF ARGUING TO NOT WEAR BODY CAMERAS.

>> Cathy: PROFESSOR, GOOD CONVERSATION.

THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH.

>> Eric: THANKS A LOT.

>> THANK YOU.

PGH ♪ JAZZ MUSIC ♪ >> ERIC: FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS THE MINNESOTA CHILDREN'S HOSPITALS HAVE BEEN KEEPING A DATA DASHBOARD ON WAYS IT IS COMBATTING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN ITS HOSPITALS.

AND THE HOSPITALS HAVE TAKEN THE RARE STEP OF GOING PUBLIC WITH SOME OF ITS DATA, A STORY FIRST REPORTED THIS WEEK BY THE "STAR TRIBUNE."

HERE TO TALK ABOUT THIS WORK IS JAMES BURROUGHS.

HE IS THE CHIEF EQUITY AND INCLUSION OFFICER AT MINNESOTA CHILDREN'S.

HE FORMERLY HEADED UP DIVERSITY WORK FOR THE STATE OF MINNESOTA.

Mr. BURROWS -- BURROUHGS, CHILDREN'S HAS FOUND A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITE AND BLACK KIDS FROM BEING OFFERED A COMFORT PROMISE, WHY THE DISPARITY?

>> LET'S SAY YOU HAVE A KIDDO GOING IN AND GETTING A SHOT AND THEY WANTED TO MAKE SURE THAT CHILD IS EITHER DISTRACTED, HAS SOME NUMBING CREAM OR MAKE IT A LESS PAINFUL EXPERIENCE FOR THE PARENTS AND FAMILY AND ALSO THE CHILD, SO COMFORT PROMISE IS OFFERING THE PARENTS AND FAMILY EITHER NUMBING CREAM, SOME DISTRACTION, SOMETHING ELSE OTHER THAN THAT.

WHAT WE FOUND WAS THAT DISAGGREGATING DATA, WE FIND THAT WHITE PARENTS WERE OFFERED THAT COMFORT PROMISE MORE OFTEN THAN BLACK PARENTS AND WE INTENTIONALLY WANTED TO MAKE SURE THAT WE CHANGED OUR BEHAVIORS SO WE REDUCE THAT DISPARITY.

>> Cathy: ARE YOU SEEING DISPARITIES WHEN IT COMES TO, SAY, TESTS FOR CERTAIN ILLNESSES?

HAVE YOU GONE TO THAT LENGTH YET?

>> I THINK WE HAVE LOOKED AT A VARIETY OF THINGS.

SO WE LOOKED AT, FOR EXAMPLE, VACCINES.

CHILDREN ARE ENCOURAGED TO GET WELLNESS VACCINES PRIOR TO THE AGE OF 2.

WE FOUND A 43% DIFFERENCE IN CHILDREN GETTING VACCINATED, BLACK CHILDREN, AS OPPOSED TO WHITE CHILDREN.

AND THE REASON I FOCUS ON BLACK CHILDREN, WHAT WE DID WAS, WE DISAGGREGATED RACIAL DATA FROM BLACK, LATINO, ASIAN, NATIVE AMERICAN FAMILIES AND WE FOUND THE LARGEST DISPARITIES AMONGST BLACK CHILDREN, SO WE FOCUSED ON THOSE DISPARITIES.

WITH RESPECT TO TESTING FOR DISEASES, I WON'T SAY THAT THAT TESTING HAS SHOWN ANY DISPARITIES WITH THE DATA WE HAVE, BUT WHAT WE HAVE NOTICED WITH COVID-19 THAT THE IMPACT ON DISEASES SUCH AS COVID-19 HAS HAD A GREATER IMPACT ON COMMUNITIES OF COLOR THAN IT HAS HAD ON WHITE COMMUNITIES, AS YOU CAN SEE BY THE DEATH RATES AND OTHER THINGS THAT HAVE HAPPENED WITH RESPECT TO THAT DISEASE.

BUT WE HAVEN'T DONE ANY TESTING, NECESSARILY, TO LOOK AT THOSE TESTS FOR DIFFERENT DISEASES.

>> Cathy: BECAUSE I KNOW THAT THIS IS -- YOU'RE JUST KIND OF BEGINNING THIS JOURNEY.

I'M CURIOUS FOR WHAT YOU'VE SEEN SO FAR, DOES CHILDREN'S HAVE A RACE ISSUE, A RACE PROBLEM?

>> UNITED STATES HAS A RACE PROBLEM.

MINNESOTA HAS A RACE PROBLEM.

SO, ERGO, CHILDREN'S HAS A RACE PROBLEM.

I THINK CHILDREN'S, JUST LIKE ANY OTHER INSTITUTION, IS DEALING WITH SYSTEMIC RACISM AND THAT RACISM PERMEATES NOT ONLY IN WHAT FAMILIES GO THROUGH IN HOUSING, EMPLOYMENT, THEIR DAILY LIFE AND EDUCATION, BUT ALSO HAPPENS WHEN YOU CROSS THE HOSPITAL DOORS.

IT HAPPENS WHEN WE'RE NOT AS INCLUSIVE WITH PATIENTS OF COLOR AS WE ARE WITH WHITE FAMILIES.

IT HAPPENS WHEN WE TREAT DISEASES LIKE SICKLE CELL FIBROSIS DIFFERENTLY -- I'M SORRY -- CYSTIC FIBROSIS THAN WE TREAT SICKLE CELL DISEASE.

IT HAPPENS WHEN WE HAVE LACK OF GENDER EQUITY FOR OUR LGBTQ AND TRANSGENDER PATIENTS, SO WE CREATE, THANKS TO Dr. ANGELA GEF OTTER AT CHILDREN'S, A GENDER EQUITY PROGRAM FOCUSED ON THOSE CHILDREN NOT GETTING CARE.

WE HAVE A RACE PROBLEM, WE HAVE A GENDER EQUITY PROBLEM, WE HAVE A PROBLEM THAT NEEDS TO BE FIXED.

BUT WE AT CHILDREN'S HAVE SAID WE'RE GOING TO BE TRANSPARENT AND MAKING SURE WE MEASURE THOSE DISPARITIES AND MAKE SURE WE TAKE ACTION ON THAT AS WELL.

AND I'D BE REMISS IF I DIDN'T SAY AS WELL, WE'RE LOOKING TO DIVERSIFY OUR WORKFORCE AS WELL, TO HAVE MORE DOCTORS, NURSES, WHO LOOK LIKE THE PATIENTS WE SERVE.

>> Eric: WHY MAKE THE DATA PUBLIC?

>> WHAT GETS MEASURED GETS DONE AND WHAT GETS PUBLIC GETS MEASURED GETS DONE.

I THINK PETER DRUCKER SAID THAT ORIGINALLY.

BUT MY FORMER BOSS, GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON TOLD ME THAT ON A REGULAR BASIS.

WHEN WE MAKE IT PUBLIC, WE HOLD OURSELVES ACCOUNTABLE, WE ALLOW PATIENTS AND FAMILIES TO HOLD US ACCOUNTABLE, WHEN WE DO OR DON'T MAKE THE CHANGES, WE CAN HAVE A DISCUSSION ABOUT WHAT WENT WRONG, WHAT WE DIDN'T DO.

A LOT OF TIMES COMPANIES HAVEN'T MADE THIS DATA PUBLIC, AND I CAN'T SAY FOR WHAT REASON BUT THEN YOU FORGET ABOUT IT, THEN YOU END UP TALKING ABOUT DISPARITIES IN MINNESOTA AND OTHER PLACES FOR MANY MANY YEARS WITHOUT TRANSPARENT SOLUTIONS.

>> Eric: DOES THE HEALTHCARE SPENDING MODEL RIGHT NOW LEND ITSELF TO THIS TYPE OF APPROACH TO THINGS OR DO YOU NEED REIMBURSEMENTS MOVED AROUND?

TELL US ABOUT THE FINANCIAL ANGLE OF THIS.

>> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION.

THE FINANCIAL MODEL IS DIFFICULT BECAUSE SOME OF THE SERVICES, LIKE EQUITY AND INCLUSION AND DIVERSITY, WE DON'T GET REIMBURSED FOR.

AS A RESULT, WE HAVE TO SUBSIDIZE THOSE.

MY HOSPITAL, IN PARTICULAR, WE PUT BUDGET, MONEY IN FOR EQUITY AND INCLUSION WORK, OTHER HOSPITALS HAVE DONE THE SAME.

BUT WE DON'T GET REIMBURSED BY INSURANCE.

THE CHALLENGE BECOMES, IF WE DON'T DO THAT, WE'RE SAYING TO PATIENTS OF COLOR, FAMILIES OF COLOR, WELL, YOU'RE NOT AS VALUABLE BECAUSE WE DON'T GET REIMBURSED BY THE INSURANCE.

WE NEED TO HAVE INSURANCE AND VALUES-BASED CARE CATCH UP TO WHERE WE ARE AS A HOSPITAL SYSTEM.

WE REIMBURSE FOR THESE THINGS AS WELL.

BUT IN THE MEANTIME, WE NEED TO KEEP GIVING THE HIGH-QUALITY CARE THAT WE HAVE BEEN TO ALL OF THESE PATIENTS AND FAMILIES.

>> Cathy: WHEN WILL YOU KNOW YOU'RE SUCCESSFUL?

WHAT'S THE BENCHMARK FOR SUCCESS?

>> SURE.

THE BENCHMARK FOR SUCCESS IS STRAIGHTFORWARD.

WHEN WE CAN PROVIDE HEALTH EQUITY FOR ALL FAMILIES.

AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS, ALL FAMILIES GETTING HIGH-QUALITY HEALTHCARE, THEY'RE NOT GETTING DIFFERENTIATED CARE, BASED UPON THEIR RACE, GENDER OR ETHNICITY.

AND WE'RE MAKING SURE THAT CARE IS AFFORDABLE.

AS WE LOOK AT THE METRICS THAT WE TALKED ABOUT, OUR COMFORT PROMISE, WE REDUCE THAT DISPARITY OF 20% DOWN BY BASICALLY CHANGING BEHAVIOR.

WE'RE LOOKING AT DOING THAT SAME THING WITH VAC CONVENIENT DISPARITY, WE'RE -- VACCINE.

WE'RE LOOKING AT INCREASING OUR DIVERSITY OF THE WORKFORCE, WHICH WE HAVE DONE.

WE EAMPLEG 34% NEW HIRES OF COLOR, AND WE'VE HIRED EXECUTIVES OF COLOR AS WELL.

REDUCING THOSE DISPARITY NUMBERS WILL SHOW THAT WE'VE HAD SUCCESS AND WE HAVE HEALTH EQUITY FOR ALL IN MINNESOTA.

>> Eric: GYMS BURROUGHS, THANKS SO MUCH.

WELCOME BACK TO "ALMANAC."

THANKS FOR YOUR TIME.

>> Cathy: THANK YOU.

>> THE MINNESOTA LEGISLATURE RETURNS NEXT WEEK FOR ANOTHER SPECIAL SESSION.

THEY WERE SUPPOSED TO FINISH THEIR WORK MAY 17.

NOW, IF THE GOVERNOR AND LEGISLATURE CAN'T FINISH THEIR WORK BY JUNE 30, THE GOVERNMENT WILL SHUT DOWN AND THOUSANDS OF STATE EMPLOYEES WILL GET LAID OFF.

I HAVE A SIMPLE PROPOSAL TO ENSURE LEGISLATORS AND THE GOVERNOR GET THEIR WORK DONE.

HERE'S WHAT YOU DO.

PUT THE KEY DECISION MAKERS IN A PLASTIC BUBBLE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CAPITOL ROTUNDA.

THEN TURN OFF THE A/C.

THEY WILL HAVE TO START SWEATING OUT SOME TOUGH DECISIONS.

SENATOR GAZELKA, YOU DON'T WANT TO BUDGE ON CLEAN CAR STANDARDS?

WELL, IT'S PRIDE MONTH AND TANK TOPS ARE ON SALE AT TARGET.

I SUGGEST YOU STOCK UP.

GOVERNOR WALZ, YOU DON'T WANT TO DROP YOUR EMERGENCY POWERS?

WELL, THEN BE PREPARED TO DROP THOSE BUFFALO CHECKS.

MY FAVORITE PART ABOUT THIS PLAN IS THAT ALL THE FOLKS WHO WOULD NORMALLY BE FILLING THE CAPITOL PROTESTING FOR THEIR PREFERRED LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS WON'T HAVE TO SCREAM AND HOLLER TO BE NOTICED.

THEY CAN JUST LOCK EYES WITH SPEAKER HORTMAN FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE BUBBLE AND TAKE A LONG, SLOW SIP OF AN ICE-OLD LEMONADE.

YOU MIGHT SAY IT'S RIDICULOUS TO COOK UP A LEGISLATIVE DEAL BY MILDLY COOKING OUR POLITICAL LEADERS.

BUT IT'S ALSO RIDICULOUS THOSE LEADERS HAVE BEEN IN SESSION MOST OF THE YEAR AND HAVEN'T DONE THE JOB THEY WERE SENT TO ST. PAUL TO DO.

AND WORSE STILL THAT THOUSANDS OF MINNESOTANS COULD BE UNEMPLOYED THIS SUMMER IF LAWMAKERS FAIL TO FINISH WHAT THEY'VE BEEN PUTTING OFF.

SO, LAWMAKERS, COME BACK TO ST. PAUL NEXT WEEK READY TO GET YOUR WORK DONE.

OR, PACK YOUR SHORT SHORTS AND EXPECT SOME HEAT FROM YOUR CONSTITUENTS ACROSS MINNESOTA.

HMMMM.

>> CATHY: VISITS TO MINNESOTA STATE PARKS ROSE DURING THE PANDEMIC.

AND NOW THAT A NEAR NORMAL SUMMER IS HERE, THE PARK SYSTEM IS HOPING THAT THE VISITS CONTINUE.

SATURDAY IS "NATIONAL GET OUTSIDE" DAY AND THE DNR IS MARKING THE OCCASION BY DROPPING ADMISSION FEES AT ALL STATE PARKS.

EARLIER THIS WEEK TPT PRODUCER LUKE HEIKKILA AND VIDEOGRAPHER JIM KRON BRAVED THE HEAT TO CHECK OUT WHAT WAS GOING ON AT THREE OF THE FIVE PARKS ALONG THE ST. CROIX RIVER.

>> I COME TO A STATE PARK AND STATE RECREATION AREA BECAUSE LIFE IS BETTER WHEN YOU'RE CONNECTED TO THE OUTDOORS, PLAIN AND SIMPLE.

>> CANOEING ALONG THE ST. CROIX RIVER, THERE'S NOTHING MORE MAGICAL.

TREES, WOODS, IT'S KIND OF UNTOUCHED FROM CIVILIZATION, AND YOU DO FEEL LIKE YOU'RE KIND OF GOING BACK IN TIME.

>> WE'RE IN ONE OF MY FAVORITE STATE PARKS CALLED WILD RIVER STATE PARK.

IT'S LOCATED ALONG THE BEAUTIFUL ST. CROIX RIVER.

>> WITH ABOUT 18 MILES OF SHORELINE AND ABOUT 35 MILES OF HIKING TRAILS AND A SHORT, PROBABLY 55, 60-MINUTE DRIVE FROM THE TWIN CITIES.

>> ABOUT A 6,000-ACRE PARK, 5,000 ACRES OF IT WERE DONATED TO THE STATE OF MINNESOTA BY XCEL ENERGY, PREVIOUSLY NORTHERN STATES POWER.

WE'RE VERY LUCKY TO RECEIVE THAT AND NOW HAVE THESE AS PUBLIC LANDS THAT EVERY MINNESOTAN CAN COME OUT AND ENJOY.

>> WHAT ARE THE OTHER PARKS ALONG THE St. CROIX?

>> WE ARE SO LUCKY, SO IT STARTS BY St. CROIX STATE PARK, LOCATED ABOUT AN HOUR NORTH OF HERE.

WE HAVE WILD RIVER, WE HAVE INTERSTATE AND THEN WE ALSO HAVE WILLIAM O'BRIEN STATE PARK, AND THEN WE ALSO HAVE AFTON STATE PARK.

SO WE'RE VERY VERY LUCKY.

>> EVERY YEAR ON THE SECOND SATURDAY OF JUNE, WE CELEBRATE NATIONAL GET OUTDOORS DAY WITH AN OPEN HOUSE FOR OUR STATE PARKS, WHICH MEANS THAT OUR STATE PARK ENTRANCE FEES ARE WAIVED FOR THE DAY.

SO EVERYBODY CAN COME AND ENJOY MINNESOTA'S 75 STATE PARKS AND RECREATION AREAS FREE OF CHARGE.

>> WE ARE STATUTORILY AUTHORIZED TO OFFER FOUR FREE PARK DAYS EVERY YEAR.

THIS WAS WRITTEN INTO LAW JUST A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO WITH THE IDEA OF ENSURING THAT ALL MINNESOTANS HAD ACCESS TO THESE BEAUTIFUL RESOURCES.

IF COST IS A BARRIER TO GETTING YOU OUTDOORS AND INTO ONE OF OUR STATE PARKS AND RECREATION AREAS, WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE CAN REMOVE THAT BARRIER AT LEAST ONE TIME PER SEASON.

>> WE'VE DONE A NUMBER OF STUDIES OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS, AND FOUND THAT THE GREATEST BARRIERS TO GETTING PEOPLE OUTDOORS OR TRYING NEW THINGS IS INEXPERIENCE.

SO NOT KNOWING HOW TO DO SOMETHING.

>> WE OFFER A SUITE OF PROGRAMS CALLED THE "I CAN" SERIES, AND THAT I CAN SERIES, I CAN CAMP, I CAN PADDLE, I CAN FISH.

>> THEY HAVE BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL IN BUILDING CONFIDENCE IN PEOPLE TO TRY THESE ACTIVITIES.

SO A LOT OF US HAVE BEEN BLESSED, BUT WE'VE BEEN TAUGHT HOW TO DO SOMETHING GROWING UP BY EITHER FAMILIES OR FRIENDS OR LOVED ONES, BUT FOR THOSE WHO DIDN'T GROW UP IN THE OUTDOORS, THIS IS THE PERFECT WAY TO DO IT.

>> WE'RE HOPING THAT OVER TIME, WE INCREASE THE RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY OF PEOPLE VISITING OUR STATE PARKS AND TRAILS AS WELL.

THESE ARE LANDS THAT BELONG TO ALL MINNESOTANS.

SO WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE'RE CREATING WELCOMING ENVIRONMENTS THAT REALLY HELP PEOPLE ENJOY THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS BENEFITS THAT EXIST WHEN YOU HAVE A PART OF YOUR LIFETIME SPENT IN THE OUTDOORS.

>> LIKE MANY OTHER PARK SYSTEMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, WE'VE SEEN MAJOR INCREASE IN VISITATION OVER THE LAST YEAR AND A HALF OR SO.

>> OUR TRAILS ARE SEEING ABOUT 50% INCREASE OVER A SORT OF NORMAL YEAR.

AND STATE PARKS HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCING ABOUT 25% INCREASE SYSTEMWIDE, BUT IN SOME OF OUR MORE URBAN PARKS, WE'RE SEEING INCREASES OF 75 TO 100%.

>> WE'VE LUCKY NOT BEEN LOVED TO DEATH YET, BUT WE ARE TRYING TO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO TRY OUT NEW PARKS THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEM BECAUSE THERE ARE SO MANY OUT THERE, EACH ONE IS UNIQUE AND EACH ONE IS SPECIAL AND IT'S A GREAT TIME TO GO DO THAT.

>> WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE STATE PARK?

>> OH, MY GOSH, COME ON NOW.

>> YOU HAVE TO HAVE ONE.

>> MY FAVORITE STATE PARK IS EITHER THE ONE I JUST WENT TO OR THE ONE I'M ABOUT TO GO TO.

YOU CAN'T PICK ONE.

THEY'RE ALL JUST SO UNIQUE AND THEY HAVE SUCH AMAZING DIFFERENCES.

THERE JUST ISN'T ANY WAY YOU CAN PICK ONE.

[ MUSIC ] LYRICS: HEAT WAVE.

IT'S TEARIN' ME APART.

WHENEVER HE CALLS MY NAME.

>> Cathy: I HAD A FEELING THEY WOULD PLAY THAT SONG.

MINNESOTA, WHERE WEATHER RECORDS GO BACK 150 YEARS, HAS NEVER SEEN A HEAT WAVE THIS STRONG THIS EARLY IN THE YEAR.

THREE RECORD-HIGH TEMP RECORDS WERE SET IN THE TWIN CITIES THIS WEEK, AND HUNDREDS OF RECORDS WERE TOPPLED STATEWIDE.

TODAY MARKED THE NINTH STRAIGHT DAY TEMPS REACHED 90 IN THE METRO AREA.

SIMPLY PUT, IT'S BEEN THE WARMEST START TO JUNE IN MINNESOTA HISTORY.

DRASTIC TIMES CALL FOR BOLD MOVES SO "ALMANAC" HAS CALLED IN BOTH PAUL DOUGLAS AND MARK SEELEY TO JOIN US TONIGHT.

NEVER HAS SO MUCH MINNESOTA WEATHER KNOW-HOW AND HOT AIR BEEN IN THE SAME TV SEGMENT AT THE SAME TIME.

I'M NOT GOING TO SAY WHO'S GOT THE HOT AIR.

THANK YOU, GUYS, FOR JOINING US.

GOOD TO SEE YOU BOTH.

>> THANKS, CATHY.

>> GOOD TO BE HERE.

>> Cathy: Mr. DOUGLAS?

>> YES.

>> Cathy: WE TALKED ABOUT THE HISTORIC NATURE OF THIS HEAT WAVE.

BUT, REALLY, SERIOUSLY, IT WAS ALSO QUITE DANGEROUS.

SO TRY TO PUT IT INTO SOME CONTEXT HERE FOR US.

WHAT EXACTLY HAPPENED?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

THE FACT THAT THE WEATHER IS STALLED, AGAIN, WE SEE THIS MORE AND MORE.

IT MAY BE A SYMPTOM OF RAPIDLY CHANGING CLIMATE, CATHY, THAT IT'S NOT UNUSUAL TO GET A FEW 90s, BUT TO GET NINE 90s IN A ROW, AND BY THE WAY, THOSE RED BAR GRAPHS, THOSE WERE RECORDS THAT WERE SET ON JUNE 4th, 5th, AND WEDNESDAY OF THIS WEEK, 97 YESTERDAY, AND, YES, INDEED, IT DID GET UP TO 90 TODAY.

AND WE HAD SIX DAYS ABOVE 95.

'THAT IS THE MOST WE'VE EVER HAD SO EARLY IN THE SEASON.

BACK TO 1934, WE HAD THREE DAYS OF 95 PLUS.

IN EARLY JUNE.

TWO DAYS BACK IN 2011.

SO, AGAIN, THIS IS UNUSUAL AND NINE DAYS, CONSECUTIVELY, OF 90 PLUS.

THAT HASN'T HAPPENED IN 15 YEARS WHERE WE'VE HAD NINE DAYS IN THE '90s, YOU HAVE TO GO BACK TO 2006.

S 11 BACK IN '48.

14 BACK IN 1936.

AND WE'RE FINDING, CATHY, YOU KNOW, THE DAYTIME HIGHS GET THE MEDIA BUZZ AND THE ATTENTION.

BUT IT'S THE NIGHTTIME LOWS, RESEARCH SHOWS THAT IF TEMPERATURES DON'T GO BELOW 80 IN THE DOWNTOWNS PEOPLE CAN'T RECOVER AND MANY TIMES IT'S THE POOR, ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH HEALTH CONDITIONS THAT SUFFER THE MOST IN THESE KINDS OF HEAT WAVES.

AND IT WAS HAPPY NEWS TO ME THAT IT'S THE NIGHTTIME TEMPERATURES, THE MUGGY, 70s AND 80s FOR LOWS THAT CAUSED THE MOST PROBLEMS.

>> Eric: SAY, MARK, THE END ALL AND BE ALL OF MINNESOTA HOT WEATHER IS 1936.

HOW DOES THE CURRENT SITUATION COMPARE?

>> OH, 1936, ERIC, WE HAD THE LONGEST SPELL OF CONSECUTIVE 90-DEGREE DAYS, TWIN CITIES HAD 14 STRAIGHT DAYS IN JULY OF 1936.

BEARDSLEY, IN BIG STONE COUNTY, HAD 25 CONSECUTIVE DAYS.

THAT'S THE STATEWIDE RECORD.

AND WE LOST BETWEEN, CONSERVATIVELY OF, BETWEEN 700 AND 900 MINNESOTA LIVES DURING THAT HEAT WAVE OF JULY 1936.

AND, FURTHER, IT LED TO A TERRIBLE, TERRIBLE WILDFIRE SEASON.

THERE WERE MANY MANY WILDFIRES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA AS A RESULT OF THAT DROUGHT AND HEAT WAVE COMBINATION IN 1936.

>> Cathy: WE'RE SHOWING SOME PHOTOS HERE.

FOLKS WERE SLEEPING OUTSIDE.

I REMEMBER MY DAD TALKING ABOUT SLEEPING OUT ON THE PORCH.

JUST TO TRY TO COOL OFF.

I MEAN, THERE WASN'T ANY, LIKE, AIR CONDITIONING, RIGHT?

I MEAN, THERE WASN'T, AS PAUL MENTIONED, WHAT'S REMARKABLE ABOUT THIS PARTICULAR HEAT WAVE IS, YOU KNOW, THE OVERNIGHT LOWS ARE STILL SO HIGH, IF THAT MAKES SENSE.

SAME THING HAPPENED IN '36, MARK?

>> YES.

ALTHOUGH THERE WAS A BIT MORE RESPITE.

WHAT I NOTED THIS WEEK, CATHY, IS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE TWIN CITIES ALLUDED TO EARLIER SET THREE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RECORDS THIS LAST WEEK.

WE ALSO SET SEVEN WARM OVERNIGHT MINIMUM TEMPERATURE RECORDS.

AND IN 1936, THERE WERE A LOT OF OVERNIGHT LOWS THAT REMAINED IN THE 80s.

THERE WERE MANY AREAS OF WESTERN MINNESOTA THAT HAD OVERNIGHT LOWS RANGING FROM 80 TO 84°.

AND YOU CAN'T REALLY PHYSIOLOGICALLY, THE HUMAN BODY CAN'T GAIN ANY REST OR RESPITE WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS THAT HIGH AT NIGHT.

EVEN SLEEPING OUTSIDE, QUITE FRANKLY, IS STRESSFUL.

BUT PAUL'S QUITE RIGHT.

IN THE MODERN ERA, WE'RE SEEING WHAT WE CALL STATISTICALLY A SKEWED DISTRIBUTION IN THE RECORDS WE'RE SETTING, IN THAT WE'RE HAVING A LOT MORE EXTRAORDINARILY WARM NIGHTTIME TEMPERATURES THAN DAYTIME TEMPERATURES, ESPECIALLY IN THE LAST DECADE OR SO.

>> Eric: NOW, PAUL DOUGLAS, HEAT CAN BE A KILLER, AND YOU SAW THIS FIRSTHAND, YOU WERE WORKING IN CHICAGO IN THE MID '90s, AND HUNDREDS OF DEATHS, WEREN'T THERE?

>> YEAH.

ERIC, IT WAS JULY OF 1995.

AND THEY CALLED IT -- THE MEDIA CALLED IT THE HEAT STORM.

IT CAME ON IN A SPAN OF FIVE DAYS.

729 CHICAGOANS DIED.

MANY OF THEM ELDERLY, POOR, IN THE DOWNTOWNS WHO WERE AFRAID TO KEEP THEIR WINDOWS OPEN FOR FEAR OF CRIME, THEY BAKED TO DEATH, IT'S GRUESOME, BUT, AGAIN, IT UNDERSCORES THE FACT THAT HEAT WAVES ARE ON THE INCREASE, IN THE LAST SIX DECADES, THE INCIDENCE, THE FREQUENCY OF HEAT WAVES HAS TRIPLED.

YOU KNOW, WARM THINGS UP BY EVEN JUST A FEW DEGREES, YOU INCREASE THE POTENTIAL FOR HEAT WAVES.

AND I AGREE WITH EVERYTHING MARK SAID.

THERE'S MORE WATER IN THE AIR -- [ Indiscernible ] CAN HOLD MORE WATER AND THAT, IN TURN, MEANS THE TEMPERATURES CAN'T COOL OFF AS MUCH AT NIGHT.

YOU HAVE HIGHER HEAT INDICES DURING THE DAY AND AT NIGHT.

I'M CONCERNED ABOUT THE DROUGHT.

CHECK OUT THE LATEST DROUGHT MONITOR FOR MINNESOTA AND IT SHOWS 46% OF MINNESOTA IN MODERATE DROUGHT, INCLUDING THE SOUTH METRO.

THAT'S UP FROM 13% LAST WEEK.

AND NATIONWIDE, I MEAN, WE HAVEN'T SEEN ANYTHING THIS BAD IN 20 YEARS.

TO THE WEST, I'M AMAZED BY HOW MUCH EXCESSIVE AND SEVERE DROUGHT THERE IS ACROSS MUCH OF THE UNITED STATES JUST TO OUR WEST.

IT'S MUCH WORSE, DA OATS -- DAKOTAS, MONTANA AND SOUTHWEST.

I HAVE FEARS ABOUT WATER SHORTAGES, NOT ONLY HERE BUT IN THE WEST, WHAT KIND OF WILDFIRE SEASON WE'RE GOING TO HAVE.

AND YOU KNOW WHAT?

CATHY AND ERIC, THE WEATHER NEVER REPEATS.

SOME PEOPLE ARE COMPARING THIS TO 1988 WHEN WE HAD, WHAT, 44 DAYS IN THE 90s.

I'M NOT GOING TO GO OUT ON THAT LIMB BUT MY SPIDEY SENSES SAY, THIS IS JUST THE OPENING SHOT THAT WE WILL SEE MORE HEAT WAVES.

AND, AGAIN, JULY, THE HOTTEST MONTH OF THE YEAR.

SO PLENTY OF SUMMER LEFT TO GO AND IT'S GOING TO BE A STINKER.

>> Cathy: I'M CURIOUS HERE, MARK SEELEY, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE WITH US IN STUDIO, YOU AND I WERE TALKING THIS MORNING ON MORNING EDITION ABOUT THE DROUGHT, AND DOESN'T DRY -- ONCE YOU START WITH A DROUGHT, DRY CONDITIONS, DOESN'T DRY LEAD TO MORE DRY, REALLY?

>> YES.

THERE IS A BIT OF A SERIAL CORRELATION THERE, ESPECIALLY WHEN IT STARTS THIS EARLY IN THE SUMMER, CATHY.

AND THE OTHER THING PAUL DIDN'T ALLUDE TO BUT WE ALL TRACK THIS IS OUR MEDIUM-RANGE OUTLOOK MODELS DON'T REALLY SHOW ANY INDICATION OF RELIEF FROM THIS DROUGHT AS WE MIGRATE OUT OF JUNE AND WE GO INTO JULY.

SO, I THINK IT'S A PRECURSOR, THE EPISODE WE JUST WENT THROUGH IS A PRECURSOR TO PERHAPS A VERY VERY HOT AND VERY VERY DRY MONTH OF JULY AS WELL.

I THINK, TOO, WE TALKED ABOUT THIS A LITTLE BIT EARLIER, I THINK, TOO, THERE IS NO IFS, ANDS OR BUTS THAT THIS IS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN OUR REGION OF THE WORLD.

THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREMES IS GREATLY ON THE RISE IN RECENT DECADES.

THERE'S NO IFS, ANDS OR BUTS ABOUT THAT.

>> Eric: PAUL DOUGLAS, ALONG THOSE LINES, I NOTE ON MAY 27th, IT WAS 19° IN COTTON, ON THE IRON RANGE.

SO THOSE ARE THE EXTREMES MOVING BACK AND FORTH.

>> YEAH.

AND, WHAT, WE HAD FOUR SUBZERO DAYTIME HIGHS IN FEBRUARY.

GO BACK IN FEBRUARY, POLAR VORTEX WOULD HAVE PREDICTED THAT IN JUNE WE'D HAVE A LAS VEGAS VORTEX THAT WE WOULD HAVE A HIGH DESERT AIR STUCK OVER MINNESOTA FOR THE FIRST HALF OF JUNE.

I DO SEE SOME MINOR PULLING, 80s ARE THE NEW COOL FRONT, AND I AGREE WITH MARK, I THINK JULY IS GOING TO BE A STINKING HOT MONTH.

I HOPE IT'S NOT LIKE 19 UR8, GOD HELP -- 1988, GOD HELP US, I THINK WE'RE IN BETTER SHAPE THAN WE WERE BACK IN '88.

BUT THIS CAN IMPACT AG, IT CAN IMPACT THE RECREATION INDUSTRY, WE JUST NEED TO KEEP OUR EYES WIDE OPEN AND HOPE FOR THE BEST.

>> Cathy: STICK WITH 1988, MARK SEELEY.

YOU KNOW, THAT WAS AN INTERESTING YEAR.

AND IF I'M REMEMBERING CORRECTLY, GOSH, THERE WERE WATER SHORTAGES.

DO YOU THINK WE'RE HEADING IN THAT DIRECTION?

>> I WOULD SPECULATE THAT IT'S PROBABLE THAT WE ARE.

IT'S NOT A DEFINITE, CATHY.

WE COULD LATE SUMMER, WE COULD SEE A COMPLETE PATTERN SHIFT AND WE COULD GET MORE FREQUENT DOSES OF HEAVY PRECIPITATION.

BUT, YEAH, I WOULD SAY IT'S MORE PROBABLE WE'RE HEADED FOR A LONG SPELL HERE OF HOT AND DRY.

NOTHING TO MATCH 1988.

I WANT TO EMPHASIZE FOR VIEWERS THAT IT TOOK US THREE FULL YEARS, THREE FULL YEARS HYDROLOGICALLY FOR OUR RIVERS AND STREAMS TO RECOVER FROM THE DROUGHT OF 1988.

I DON'T THINK WE'RE NECESSARILY HEADED TO THAT EXTREME.

>> Cathy: BEFORE YOU GO HERE, PAUL DOUGLAS, WHO IS SITTING THERE BY A LAKE, YOU LUCKY DOG, YOU WANT TO GIVE US A SHORT-TERM FORECAST?

>> THIS IS LAKE WOBEGON.

AND THERE'S THE MY AMERICAN FLAG, I HAVE THE FREEDOM TO SWEAT OUT HERE BY THE LAKE.

IT'S GOING TO COOL OFF TOMORROW, CATHY, 88, BUT THE DEW POINTS WILL DROP INTO THE 40s.

SO IT'S GOING TO FEEL A LOT BETTER TOMORROW.

AGAIN, 80s, THE NEW COOL FRONT.

BUT BACK UP TO 94 ON SUNDAY.

90 ON MONDAY.

ON TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY WE'LL BE IN THE 80s BEFORE MORE 90s, LOW 90s ON THURSDAY OF NEXT WEEK.

SO LONG RANGE, HINTING THAT THE END OF JUNE WILL BE THE COOLER THAN THE FIRST HALF OF JUNE.

BUT I AGREE WITH MARK.

I MEAN, I THINK JULY IS GOING TO BE A SIZZLER.

8 HERE WE GO.

I'M AMAZED IT CAN GET THIS HOT.

>> Eric: GOTTA GO.

HOT STUFF FROM YOU TWO GUYS.

THANKS A LOT.

>> Cathy: GOOD TO SEE YOU, MARK.

THANK YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

HIS >> CATHY: IT'S MINNESOTA HISTORY TIME AND TIME TO MATCH WITS WITH THE "ALMANAC" PRODUCERS.

HERE'S THE QUESTION WE ASKED YOU LAST TIME.

I'LL SET THE SCENE FOR YOU.

IT'S SPRING OF 1970 IN MINNEAPOLIS.

THE OLD LABOR TEMPLE -- A POPULAR MUSIC VENUE AT THE TIME -- WAS THE SITE OF A CONCERT WITH TWO ROCK AND ROLL HALL OF FAMERS ON THE BILL.

IT WAS THE ONLY TIME THAT YEAR THE TWO ACTS APPEARED ON THE SAME STAGE.

YOUR TASK WAS SIMPLE.

TELL US WHO THESE FAMED BANDS WERE.

WHAT TWO ROCK AND ROLL HALL OF FAMERS PERFORMED AT THE MINNEAPOLIS LABOR TEMPLE IN SPRING 1970?

CONCERT QUESTIONS ELICIT GOOD RESPONSE.

GOOD MEANING MANY WRONG ANSWERS TO CHOOSE FROM.

AND WE START WITH CAROL.

>> CATHY: SORRY TO ALL OF YOU.

IT TURNS OUT THAT THERE WERE ACTUALLY TWO RIGHT ANSWERS TO THIS QUESTION.

AND SO LET'S LISTEN TO VIEWERS ANN AND BARB.

>> Cathy: ROD STEWART AND ALICE COOP COOPER, THAT WOULDN'T BE A BAD CONCERT AT ALL, YEAH.

YES, TWO CONCERTS.

ONE IN APRIL AND ONE IN MAY AT THE LABOR TEMPLE FEATURED TWO HALL OF FAMER BANDS WITH ALICE COOPER BEING THE TIE BETWEEN THE TWO ANSWERS.

THANKS FOR PLAYING ALONG.

DO YOU HAVE A FAVORITE CONCERT THAT YOU THINK WOULD MAKE A GREAT INDEX FILE QUESTION?

LET US KNOW BY CALLING US AT 651-229-1430 OR ZIPPING AN EMAIL OUR WAY AT ALMANAC@TPT.ORG A TUNE-IN REMINDER.

LAWMAKERS WILL BE IN SPECIAL SESSION ON MONDAY.

AND YOU CAN WATCH THE PROCEEDINGS ON YOUR LOCAL PBS STATION.

CHECK YOUR LOCAL LISTINGS FOR WHERE TO FIND THIS FREE BROADCAST SERVICE ON YOUR PBS STATION.

FOR SHOW-CLOSING MUSIC, IT WAS THIS WEEK FOUR YEARS AGO WHEN JEREMY MESSERSMITH AND HIS BAND PERFORMED IN THE TWIN CITIES PBS STREET SPACE.

BACK WHEN WE ACTUALLY HAD LIVE EVENTS IN THE BUILDING.

SOMEDAY SOON.

WE'RE GOING TO GO BACK.

ANYWAY, HERE'S JEREMY MESSERSMITH SINGING HIS TUNE "PURPLE HEARTS."

THANKS FOR WATCHING.

WE HOPE TO SEE YOU AGAIN NEXT WEEK.

[ MUSIC ] LYRICS: I HAVE A KNACK FOR AWKWARD SILENCES, LATE-NIGHT DRUNK TEXT MESSAGES, I'M GREAT AT PLAYIN' DUMB.

SHE DOESN'T CARE MUCH FOR MY POLITICS.

SENTIMENTAL FEAR, WE DISAGREE FOR FUN.

PURPLE HEARTS.

BECAUSE THERE IS ALWAYS SOMETHING.

♪ SHE HAD A THING FOR WEST POINT GRADUATES ♪ ♪ THANK GOD SHE GREW OUT OF IT >> "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THIS PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

SUPPORT IS ALSO PROVIDED BY· GREAT RIVER ENERGY: PROVIDING ELECTRICITY AND RELATED SERVICES TO 28 CO-OPS IN MINNESOTA.

A TOUCHSTONE ENERGY COOPERATIVE.

DELTA DENTAL OF MINNESOTA FOUNDATION: INVESTING $25 MILLION TO IMPROVE DENTAL CARE FOR MINNESOTANS IN NEED.

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ENBRIDGE: CONNECTING MINNESOTANS WITH ENERGY FOR OVER 70 YEARS.

MORE AT ENBRIDGE.COM/LINETHREEUS.

AND EDUCATION MINNESOTA: THE VOICE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

MORE AT EDUCATIONMINNESOTA.ORG.

>> "ALMANAC" IS A PRODUCTION OF TWIN CITIES PBS FOR THE STATIONS OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION ASSOCIATION.